令和義塾🛡中高生・高卒生・教員・留学志望者のための学習塾

仕事をしている人が意識する方が良いことや、我が国の在り方の改善策について述べるかも🐈

第４期教育振興基本計画の土台にある考え🐈

　令和４年度までが第３期教育基本計画でカバーされており、そのキーワードは「超スマート社会」の到来、及びそれへの準備ということであった。基本計画においては、

①夢と志を持ち、可能性に挑戦するために必要となる力の育成

②社会の持続的な発展を牽引するための多様な力の育成

③生涯学び活躍できる環境の整備

④誰もが社会の担い手となるための学びのセーフティネットの構築

⑤教育政策推進のための基盤整備

上記５つの基本方針を設定していた。

　第４期計画が見据える日本社会の将来像と教育政策上の主な課題の設定は、第３期計画と大きく変わることがなく、その基調を踏襲しているということは、前述のとおりである。ただ、第４期計画では、「令和22年 (2040年) 以降の社会を見据えた持続可能な社会の創り手の育成」(予測困難な時代で社会課題の解決を経済成長と結び付けてイノベーションにつなげること・生産性の向上・人への投資等) と「日本社会に根差したウェルビーイング (well-being) の向上」(多様な幸せや生きがい) 等を加え、その２つを計画のコンセプトとしたうえで、次の５つの基本方針を定めている。

①グローバル化する社会の持続的な発展に向けて学び続ける人材の育成

②誰一人取り残さず、全ての人の可能性を引き出す共生社旗の実現に向けた教育の推進

③地域や家庭で共に学び支えあう社会の実現に向けた教育の推進

④教育デジタルトランスフォーメーション (DX) の推進

⑤計画の実効性確保のための基盤整備・対話

　第３期計画と比べると、グローバル化・新たな学びの深化・生涯学習・リカレント教育・共生社会・教育DXの推進等が強く押し出されている印象があり、これら５つの基本方針のもとに16の教育政策の目標が設定されている。

 

 

 

The content of what Zimmermann sent via telegram🐱

 We intend to begin unrestricted warfare on the first of February. We shall endeavour in spite of this to keep the United States neutral. In the event of this not succeeding, we make Mexico a proposal of alliance on the following basis: make war together, make peace together, generous financial support, and an understanding on our part that Mexico is to reconquer the lost territory in Texas, New Mexico and Arizona. The settlement in detail is left to you. 

 You will inform the President of Mexico of the above most secretly, as soon as the outbreak of war with the United States is certain, and add the suggestion that he should, on his own initiative, invite Japan to immediate adherence and at the same time mediate between Japan and ourselves. 

 Please call the President's attention to the fact that the unrestricted employment of our submarines now offers the prospect of compelling England to make peace within a few months. Acknowledge receipt. 

 

 
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The description of Germany's expectation. 🐱

 In the three weeks that remained, Zimmermann devised an insurance policy. If unrestricted U-boat warfare increased the likelihood of America entering the war, then Zimmermann had a plan that would delay and weaken American involvement in Europe, and which might even discourage it completely. Zimmermann's idea was to propose an alliance with Mexico, and persuade the President of Mexico to invade America and reclaim territories such as Texas, New Mexico and Arizona. Germany would support Mexico in its battle with thier common enemy, aiding it financially and militarily. 

 Furthermore, Zimmermann wanted the Mexican presidento to act as a mediator and persuade Japan that it too should attack America. This way, Germany would pose a threat to America's east coast, Japan would attack from the west, while Mexico invaded from the south. Zimmermann's main motive was to pose America such problems at home that it could not afford to send troops to Europe. Thus Germany could win the battle at sea, win the war in Europe and then withdraw from the American campaign. On 16 January 1917, Zimmermann encapsulated his proposal in a telegram to the German Ambassador in Washington, who would then retransmit it to the German Ambassador in Mexico, who would finally deliver it to the Mexican President. 

 

 

 

 

Expectation of a swift victory🏆

 A swift victory was essential. Unrestricted submarine warfare and the inevitable sinking of US civillian ships would almost certainly provoke America into declairing war on Germany. Bearing this in mind, Germany needed to force an Allided surrender before America could mobilise its troops and make an impact in the European arena. By the end of the meeting at Pless, the Kaiser was convinced that a swift victory could be achieved, and he signed an order to proceed with unrestricted U-boat warfare, which would take effect on 1 February 1918.

 

 

 

Germany's prediction 🐱

 Back in 1915, a submerged German U-boat had been responsible for sinking the ocean liner Lusitania, drowning 1198 passengers, including 128 US civilians. The loss of the Lusitania would have drawn America into the war, were it not for Germany's reassurances that henceforth U-boats would surface before attacking, a restriction that was intended to avoid accidental attacks on civilian ships. 

 However, on 9 January 1917, Zimmermann attended a momentous meeting at the German castle of Pless, where the Supreme High Command was trying to persuade the Kaiser that it was time to renege on their promise, and embark on a course of unrestricted submarine warfare. 

 German commanders knew that thier U-boats were almost vulnerable if they launched their torpedoes while remaining submerged, and they believed that this would prove to be the decisive factor in determining the outcome of the war. Germany had been constructing a fleet of two hundred U-boats, and the Supreme High Command argued that unrestricted U-boat aggression would cut off Britain's supply lines and starve it into submission within six months. 

 

 

 

 

The USA's attempt🐱💦

 Despite calls from politicians in Britain and America, President Woodrow Wilson had spent the first two years of the war steadfastly refusing to send American troops to support the Allies. Besides not wanting to sacrifice his nation's youth on the bloody battlefields of Europe, he was convinced that the war could be ended only by a negotiated settlement, and he believed that he could best serve the world if he remained neutral and acted as a mediator. 

 In November 1916, Wilson saw a hope for a settlement when Germany appointed a new Foreign Minister, Arthur Zimmermann, a jovial giant of a man who appeared to herald a new era of enlightned German diplomacy. American newspapers ran headlines such as OUR FRIEND ZIMMERMANN and LIBERALIZATION OF GERMANY, and one article proclaimed him as 'one of the most auspicious omens for the future of German-American relations.' However, unknown to the Americans, Zimmermann had no intention of pursuing peace. Instead, he was plotting to extend Germany's military aggression. 

 

 

 
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Allied Cryptanalysis 🐱

 The British and the Americans also made important contributions to Allied cryptanalysis. The supremacy of the Allied codebreakers and their influence on the Great War are best illustrated by the decipherment of a German telegram that was intercepted by the British on 17 January 1917. 

 The story of this decipherment shows how cryptanalysis can affect the course of war at the very highest level, and demonstrates the potentially devastating repercussions of emplying inadequate encryption. Within a matter of weeks, the deciphered telegram would force America to rethink its policy of neutrality, thereby shifting the balance of the war.